Rollup
An L2 scaling solution that executes transactions off-chain but posts transaction data or proofs to L1 for security.
In-Depth Explanation
Rollups come in two types: Optimistic (assume valid, allow fraud proofs) and ZK (use cryptographic proofs). Both inherit L1 security while offering lower fees. Rollups must post data to L1, which creates the L2's main cost. Competition among rollups drives fees toward cost of L1 data availability.
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Related Terms
Layer 2
L2Scaling solutions built on top of a base blockchain (L1) that process transactions off-chain while inheriting L1 security.
Sequencer
The entity that orders and batches transactions on an L2 rollup before submitting them to L1.
Optimistic Rollup
A Layer 2 scaling solution that assumes transactions are valid and only runs computation if challenged.
ZK Rollup
A Layer 2 scaling solution that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify transaction validity without re-execution.
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View all →Gas Fees
Transaction fees paid to validators/miners for executing operations on a blockchain.
Gwei
A denomination of Ether equal to one billionth of an ETH, commonly used to express gas prices.
Layer 2
L2Scaling solutions built on top of a base blockchain (L1) that process transactions off-chain while inheriting L1 security.
Layer 1
L1The base blockchain that provides security and consensus, such as Ethereum, Bitcoin, or Solana.